List of Figures and Tables

Chapter 1

Figure 1. “Natural” banana versus the modern variety.

Figure 2. The shift of beak lengths after a volcano eruption.

Chapter 2

Figure 3. Karl Popper’s model for knowledge/technology generation.

Figure 4. Disruptive technology and ceilings.

Table 1. Knowledge in many forms.

Chapter 3

Figure 5. Linear versus exponential growth.

Figure 6. A bioreactor.

Chapter 4

Figure 7. Ontogenetic growth.

Figure 8. Time to maturity is longer for bigger organisms.

Figure 9. A schematic for a potential high-yield protein production process using the yeast, K. phaffii.

Figure 10. Growth rates across different organisms and biological systems.

Figure 11. The Pareto frontier in biology and business.

Chapter 6

Figure 12. Interconversion in metabolism.

Figure 13. The Citric Acid Cycle analogous to a fire.

Figure 14. A metabolic network can be imagined as a flowing river.

Figure 15. The fungibility of metabolism.

Chapter 7

Figure 16. The power of advanced meditation.

Chapter 8

Figure 17. A parameter space of taste and healthiness.

Figure 18. Adding blueberries into our spinach-ice cream mix.

Figure 19. Adding a third parameter.

Figure 20. Pushing the boundaries with novel foods.

Appendix A

Figure 21. Example of real-time metabolomics data.

Figure 22. An example for predicting fluid flow.

Figure 23. The vorticity of the wind moving past the rock.

Figure 24. Consequences of changing the ramp start time.